Mike, >Check your carbonate hardness (dKH) first. If they are high, you will have to lower your >hard water below 10ºdKH/180ppm before you will be successful in a lowering the pH with >organics from the leaves. Is the water where you collected your leave acidic? Well, the leaves I used are widely used by Thai traditional betta keepers. Bettas are kept in this leaves water, so I concluded that it should make acidic water. I don't know about my KH value yet, I'll have to go get the test-kit today. When you speak out of the term "hard v. soft water', what is it refer too? (I thought it was GH and that's why I only get the GH test!) >If your dKH is low, then the leaves are not releasing tannic >& folic acids into the water. Try leaves from acid waters - or better try to >find a source of peat. It is used by some discus breeders and also used in >gardening. If you use garden peat, make certain that it contains no poisons >(fungicides, insecticides, etc.). I boiled the leaves and I could see the water turned brownish. Does this transition mean that tannic and folic acids are being released? I did a huge waterchange yesterday morning just because water was too brown to see through. >All apisto prefer soft acid water. Some can live in moderately hard & slightly >alkaline water, but they are often more susceptible to disease and will no >breed. How can I soften the water? Should I use the chemical products? I saw Tetra's pH/kH minus yesterday at my LFS. Is it advisible to go for it? Thank you very much again, Arthit ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com. Search http://www.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!