Mike, This is really helpful stuff. A question, though: Do you find that a simple chemical lowering of pH is as effective as lowering TDS or conductivity? Using the acid is much easier - assuming all the necessary precautions are taken - than going the RO route. I guess it boils down to softness (or low TDS) vs. acidity. And, I guess the effectiveness should be measured for this purpose by gauging the effects on fish for health and/or spawning activity. Thanks, Jody ----- Original Message ----- From: "Mike & Diane Wise" <apistowise@fgn.net> > This is a concentrated form of HCl, 37% by volume. > This is extremely caustic. It dissolves holes in > most clothing, corrodes most metal surfaces, & the > fumes will damage your respiratory system. This > acid should be kept out of the hands of children > and people too stupid to handle it properly. I > store mine in a locked wooden cabinet, sitting on > a piece of slate. To use it for testing dilute it > 1 part acid to 7 parts water. ALWAYS add acid to > water. Do it the other way & it may vaporize the > water and splatter acid. I have also used it in a > concentrated form to lower the pH in my soft > water. About 5 ml of concentrated acid will drop > the pH of 20 gallons (75 liters) of my tap water > from 7.4 to 5.0 instantly. Obviously I mix in in > vats, not my aquaria. > > Mike Wise ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com. apisto-digest@listbox.com also available. Web archives at http://lists.thekrib.com/apisto Trading at http://blox.dropship.org/mailman/listinfo/apisto_trader