Hi! Recently Randy explained very well the differences between Apisto agassizii and Apisto gephyra. He listed (if I remember it correctly): 1) longest tip of last dorsal fin ray in A. agassizii (shorter in A. gephyra); 2) longest tip of pelvic fin in A. agassizii (shorter in A. gephyra); 3) caudal fin shape strongly lanceolated in A. agassizii (slightly lanceolated or round in A. gephyra); 4) A. gephyra has points/markings only on upper part of caudal fin, and not on the lower part. I would also add that A. gephyra is slightly deeper bodied than A. agassizii. That's all ok, but recently I had problems to identify fishes from upper Rio Negro (Igarape Urupau). The features of fishes from that locality are (now that the fishes are about eight months old in aquarium): 1) very long tip of last dorsal fin ray, fitting very well A. agassizii; b) very short tip of pelvic fin, FITTING VERY WELL A. GEPHYRA (when compared to A. agassizii from other localities, i.e., lower Amazon populations, very very short pelvic fins). c) strongly lanceolated caudal fin, fitting very well A. agassizii; d) NO POINTS OR MARKINGS on both upper and lower parts of caudal fin, but instead of it, orange-reddish color. There is just an edge for both upper and lower parts of caudal fin. e) about body depth difficult to say exactly without pickling the fishes. Does anybody or RANDY himself have any opinion about it? The Rio Negro is known to shelter both A. agassizii and A. gephyra. All the best, Marco.