Lisa wrote: << Hi all, I would like to know what people consider to be the sure signs of old age in their fish. I just lost one of my original Taeniacara candidi males (at about 2 yrs of age), who over the course of a couple of months began to lose his color,to eat less, andn then to develop a spine bend. The other fish in this tank are all fine. Anyway, I was wondering if fish that die of "old age" really just become too stressed to fend off common diseases and so die, or if they succumb to diseases of old age (a cancer, for example). Any ideas - or do I really just have some awful disease lurking around in this tank? As a corollary, what kinds of life spans have you all seen for your dwarfs? (I couldn't access the archives today to see if this has been extensively covered already, so apologies if it has). I think I manage to kill off most of mine before they get the chance to go gently into that good night. Lisa >> If a fish that old suddenly develops a bent spine, I take that as a sign of old age. As for life spans in SA dwarf cichlids, it can run two to five years. They are lucky to reach 18 months in the wild. A fish's "normal" life span is affected by a number of environmental issues, like temperature, pH, and food. So I wouldn't panic over the fate of his tankmates just yet. Bob Dixon