ok, mike, it sounds to me that the major diff. (albeit a slight one) is that cf. means "different from, but probably same species as, please compare" whereas aff. means "similar to, but probably different species." << A subspecies is presently considered as nothing but a population within a valid species. >> we had a discussion about the concept of species in the livebearer list (which gave me a major headache...). so, in your mind, the several "subspecies" of tigers, for example (siberian, west asian, sumatran, javan, bengal etc.) are populations? or separate species? i always assumed they were universally considered to be subspecies (at least in the old view) but apparently some newer thinking would even put them in separate species. tsuh yang chen, nyc ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!