Wendy wrote Interesting...do you mean oxygen deficiency to the roots? I've read that the plant delivers oxygen to the roots through its tissue. Right you are, Wendy, but try an experiment using a stick (my wife is Thai and we have all kinds of bamboo chopsticks) and poke a hole in the substrate. If you have gas bubbles that break the surface and smell like the open gates of hell, you have a compacted substrate with trapped gases. Plants if healthy, release small amounts of oxygen into the substrate at the roots, but if it is too compacted and the roots are decaying, respiration is compromised. I had nearly an identical setup to yours 4 years ago using sand given by a friend who drives the sand-and-salt trucks in Maine during winter. The sand was much too fine to allow adequate circulation, so what I had was a subterranean sewage gas generator:( I had a combination of blue and blue-green algae, not a lovely sight or fragrance. I ended up breaking the tank down and starting all over with coarser materials which did the trick. I hope Excel works for you, but I have my doubts if the substrate is compacted. There's only one way to fix that. Curious to know how you make your own peat extract and how large and frequent the water changes. "Cyanobacteria" would be another worthwhile search in the archives. Regards, Bill ------------------ To unsubscribe from this list, please send mail to majordomo@thekrib.com with "Unsubscribe aga-member" in the body of the message. Archives of this list can be found at http://lists.thekrib.com/aga-member/ ------------------ To unsubscribe from this list, please send mail to majordomo@thekrib.com with "Unsubscribe aga-member" in the body of the message. Archives of this list can be found at http://lists.thekrib.com/aga-member/