Thanks for your help. Although my knowledge of chemistry is so limited that I don't know what it is to titrate something. I did put a spoonful of my laterite into a dish of vinegar. I did not see a significant reaction, it is possible that there might have been some tiny bubbles, but they may have been just air pockets. The laterite I used came fro ma german company -- terra something maybe? Its the people who make those terrapur cones. MD I would just qualify your findings by mentioning that your DI water has almost no buffering capacity. Therefore, the pH measurements will indicate a potential problem but not necessarily a real problem. To find out if the laterite is a really problem under "normal" tank conditions, you would need to titrate it with a known concentration of acid to see how much alkalinity it has. Now, if you have no buffering capacity in your tank because you are using almost pure DI water, then you do have a problem. Ken ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"! ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!