Hi, to add to David Sanchez e-mail on CO2 in water here are some more info. The atmospheric CO2 will be under different forms when dissolved in water depending on the pH of that water. Therfore: - when 0<pH<6.3, its more stable form will be as H2CO3 (carbonic acid = CO2 + H2O), although the other forms (HCO3- and CO32-) do exist but in low concentration, - when 6.3<pH<10.3, the more stable form (i.e. more concentrate) is HCO3- (H2CO3 and CO32- being in low concentration) - when pH>10.3, its dominant form is CO32- (the 2 other being low). Thus, if the easiest form of carbon for the plant to absorb is H2CO3, thus plants would do better in acid water. Now, since some plants prefer more "basic" water, the other form of carbon can be efficiently taken as well or a low level of H2CO3 concentration satisfies those type of plants. Also, the forms under which the dissolved CO2 is in water is dictated by equilibrium reactions (where H+ and OH- intervene), adding CO2 or removing it (by high water agitation, calcium carbonate introduction..) will displace those equilibrium in a way or the other, resulting in decreasing or increasing the pH. My 2 cents. Take care Yvan Alleau 712 N.W Kings Blvd Corvallis, OR 97330 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University office (Burt 222) # 737-3649, to be used wisely! yalleau@oce.orst.edu ----- Original Message ----- From: "David Sanchez" <barbax2@yahoo.com> To: <apisto@listbox.com> Sent: Thursday, July 19, 2001 11:35 PM Subject: Re: crenacara filamentosa > > "The plants will lower the conductivity, but you will > not have much luck if you start the plants in soft > acid water. Even plants that are native to such areas > have been shown to grow better in harder water." ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com.