- - water source and conditions (pH, dGH, dKH, assuming that ammonia and nitrites were OK) - in my general experience, various pH and hardness have been problems. My tap water is the least problematic at about 160 ppm and high 7 pH. Of course, some of these fish won't spawn in this water though. - - any recent introduction of new fish in the tank not in most cases - - gender/species/age various species as previously indicated, mostly male, age - typically after a few spawns, so mature, but not "old". - - previous medications given in most cases, none, but sometimes salt - - was the affected fish moved to another tank after spawning Not in any ofmy cases - - sequence of onset of the symptoms and time they lasted As previously indicated - - medications given after the problem occurred As previously indicated - - were other fish in the tank affected Never a non-apisto. Rarely the mate or other apistos in the tank - - outcome (fish dead/survived) Always dead. Dropsy is known to be nearly always fatal if not treated about 12 hours before the first symptom (there's a trick!). My memory tells me I had a successful dropsy case once, but it was a long time ago, and I don't think it was an apisto. I once kept some nijsseni going for about 2 weeks with repeated use of Kanacyn, but they went south as soon as I stopped treatments. One reason the male may get sick is the expenditure of energy for spawning, causing a weakened state. Of course, the female appears to put out even more energy, and has a bigger physiological change, so you would think she would have the problem, right? Tom