A few years ago a professional fish breeder told me that the first 20 minutes from spawning is the crucial time. He said that the eggs have a tiny hole which remains open during this time to enable the male to fertilise the egg then the hole closes. If there is carbonate hardness in the water it enters the egg thus inhibiting fertilisation. He insisted that by reducing the KH, provided you have a fertile pair you should have a successful spawning. I have no reason not to believe what he told me. Apparently filtering through carbon will reduce the carbonate hardness. Helen From: Mike & Diane Wise <apistowise@bewellnet.com> >Many breeder feel that it is the carbonate hardness that inhibits soft water fish eggs from >hatching. I wonder how many hobbyist claim they "bred" a certain fish when all it >did was spawn for them. The trick is to get viable fry. Just my opinion. >By the way, anyone who can get Satanoperca daemon to survive, much less reproduce, >has my respect. >Mike Wise ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!