Bill, I can tell you what I am doing for rams I am keeping. I pull all of the eggs so some of this information may be of limited use. The tap water here in Minneapolis hard with a pH of about 8.2. I mix straight RO with about 5% tap. Adding the tap water provides a little bit of buffering capacity to the water. I have found that any more tap pulls the pH of the RO back up to 7.8 and is just about impossible to get down without a lot of acid added. With the 5% mix I can keep the pH of the tanks at about 6.0-6.5 with little difficulty. This is maintainable even while doing 10%-15% water changes on the pair tanks every 2-3 days. On tanks that I have ignored for a week or two the pH stays at the 6.0-6.5. On a side note, with a little intervention I was surprised to find out how high the pH can get and still have a batch of ram eggs hatch. I mixed too much tap into the water of one of the pairs and the pH drifted up to 7.8. Pulling the eggs and adding a double dose of meth blue allowed 30 to hatch and grow out. This result knocked a hole in the pH testing I did last year to find the best pH for hatching rams. At that time I was getting pretty much a zero hatch, and survival rate, above 7.0. Joel WasDyke ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!