Mike, Thanks for your great and thoughtful reply to my questions. I have read the intro chapters of Mayland and Bork on the history of describing the genus, which has proved useful as well. Another question that is actually a bit out of my depth, but I'll ask it anyway. Has anyone undertaken DNA studies as a way of comparing species? I assume yes, as this seems to be a critical component of all taxonomic study today. I volunteer with studying migrating raptors (birds of prey) and we have folks using DNA to study relatedness who will eventually look at it with regard to nesting location and habitat. This is a twist that is different than studying Apsitos, where you know the collection point. With birds you don't often know where they come from (obviously... they fly about a bit). With clear species of raptors, color variations are called "morphs". In other species, regional variations are often called races now (like with Peregrine falcons and merlins), as the term sub-species is no longer in favor. The bird world also has its lumpers and splitters, though apparently birders hate when two previously separate species are combined; they lose one species from their "life list". Anyway a very fascinating area. Sorry to be so off topic. -Dan ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!