Hi Jeff, You have posed an excellent question concerning substrates for planted aquariums. I agree that the ADA soils (Amazonia; Amazonia II; Africana; et al) are expensive and some individuals believe they are worth it. I got back into the hobby two years ago specifically because I wanted to have planted tanks. For the first year I grew all my plants in plain natural gravel purchased from our LFS and fertilized through the water column. I am by no means an expert, but I feel I have been fairly successful growing many different species of plants. The club did some comparisons of various substrates a couple of years ago. I believe some of the samples from that comparison may still be in our library. I am currently changing over my aquariums to Turface Pro League Grey or Soilmaster Select Charcoal. They are basically the same. They are a heat treated montmorillonite clay mineral with high cation exchange capacity (CEC), so they can capture and hold cations like potassium and iron in a way that makes them easier for plant roots to grab. A 50# bag of Turface Pro League Grey costs about $16.00 plus tax and will cover the bottom of a 75 gallon aquarium. I am sure that other members with more experience than I have some recommendations to share as well. But in answer to your question, no you do not need to buy expensive substrates for planted aquariums. I find that providing sufficient light (and possibly CO2) to be of equal or greater benefit for planted tanks. Hmmm, maybe there is a "HAP Corner" article hidden here somewhere? Roy _______________________________________________ GSAS-Member mailing list GSAS-Member@thekrib.com http://lists.thekrib.com/mailman/listinfo/gsas-member