I'm not sure if water column fertilization really comes into play for this issue. The majority of the nutrients in the substrate come from the processes that break down detritus, what's key is the substrates ability to both provide those nutrients to the roots of the plants and hold them as opposed to releasing them back into the water column as well as provide a sufficient medium to support the process. I treat fertilization of the water column and substrate as two seperate issues because some of my plants don't benefit as much from a nutrient rich substrate as they do nutrients in the water column and vice verse. I let natural processes provide the nutrients in the substrate with the exception of iron amendments for the iron hogs and I dose micros and macros for the water column. The issue is whether not Amano's substrates are capable of supporting a nutrient rich bed, if he states they must be replaced, then obviously they are not providing an ideal subtrate material. I've experiemented with just about every materail availble to the hobbyist and a few that were probably unheard of to the hobbyist, and over the years, I've found that just about any material that has a high CEC is capable of supporting plant growth without having to rip it all out now and then to start over. _______________________________________________ AGA-Member mailing list AGA-Member@thekrib.com http://lists.thekrib.com/mailman/listinfo/aga-member