I think both sides of the issue can be and are correct. In nature the fish (discus or Apistos) obviously are not getting their mineral needs met from absorption from the water, yet they grow and develop without problems, at least no more than normal. Yet when we breed them in captivity we can sometimes observe problems with growth and development with our fish. This problem was discovered to be correctable with the use of mineral rich water. Is it possible that the fish are adaptable enough to take advantage of the minerals in the water to compensate for a lack of mineral content in their diet where they would normally obtain these nutrients. I'm sure we have yet to perfect our foods for our fish and may be lacking all the necessary ingredients. Our water's buffer really helps in more way than one! Maybe? Zack ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@listbox.com.