Tracie> I know that peat will have the same effect, but I don't Tracie> know that I want to risk sending my fish into PH shock, Tracie> and even if I do it slowly, I'm not sure I'm ready for Tracie> the hassles of changing my PH. Peat doesn't generally effect dramatic changes in pH, at least not the peat I've used. It will gradually acidify the water, but the fish shouldn't be stressed by its use. If you're keeping alkaline-loving fish such as those from the African great lakes then peat would be a terrible idea, but it won't shock fish that like neutral to acid water. I don't boil peat, though I know others recommend boiling. The nursery bags say it's organic and sterilized and I've had no bad effects from it. I put a small handful in a nylon stocking and put the stocking in a filter. If you're worried about rapid pH changes, you could hide the stocking in the back of the tank, where it would alter the water even more gradually than in a filter. If you change your water regularly you don't need carbon except for special circumstances such as to remove medication. Tea is brown and acid, but I don't that tea bags are a good way to make black water for fish. If the fish survived the tea steeping, they'd probably be jumpy. OTOH, I heard that a local expert who has bred many fish was frustrated by a stubborn species which refused to breed until one day he accidentally spilled half a cup of coffee into their tank. The next day they spawned... ---------------------------------------------------- If wishes were fishes we'd all have ponds. Pete Johnson San Jose, CA petej@tlg.net ----------------------------------------------------