Hi all (and Ken in particular), Ken L. asked me if I usually left apisto eggs/fry with both sets of parents, and the answer is yes (so far). My steindachneri and rotpunkt bred in small species tanks with dither/target fish included. The rotpunkt male was a really good dad-he was yellowish to start with, but after the fry became free swimming he turned almost as yellow as she was and took his turn escorting the fry around the tank. Mr. steindachneri could not have cared less. My macmasteri bred in a 20 gal mixed species tank, and the male just stayed away from the female for the most part. The nijsseni were a great pair-they were in a 40 gal with a number of other fish (Biotodoma sp., Dicrossus, splashing tetras, pencil fish). I started with 2 males and 2 females and waited to see who would pair up. Once the dominant male picked his gal I removed the other nijsseni (not quickly enough in one case). The female guarded the fry, while the male would keep all the other fish out of the 3/4 of the tank that they decided was theirs. He would come over and display to the female now and then, but no fighting. My borelli spawned twice, and both times the female just stopped caring for the fry-maybe this was an example of how the presence of the male stressed the female? I have heard of a number of cases where, after spawning, all hell would break loose, so I try to keep an eye on things and to be prepared to move fish if necessary (and if I hav'nt filled up that spare tank already with something else-no self control). I also tend to give the females a few tries at raising her eggs/fry. Most seem to improve over time. Do people have good success rates hatching out eggs themselves? Advice is always appreciated!! Lisa