For what it's worth, the recently arrived July 1997_Cichlid News_ has an article on "Cichlids and Science: Sex Determination." I'm no scientist, but some relevant points: Romer and Beisenherz (1966) found that low pH *or* high temperatures favored males in apistogrammas. Francis and Barlow (1993), in an experiment on C. citrinellum, found that size itself was meaningful. That is, they raised 74 fry to six months, then moved the 34 largest to their own tank. You'd think that these would be mostly males, but at a year each group was roughly 50/50 male-female, with the largest fish being the males. FWIW. Rusty