>>They seem to have a good survival rate if plopped into soft acid waters first. I think the high mortality rates that many places experience may be because the fish was put into water with a greater than 7 ph. The ammonia ion takes a more toxic form in higher ph and may have damaged the fish's gills.<< This reminded me of an article I read a while back ago, written by John Kuhns, the inventor of NovAqua. It describes a method that he prescribes and that is followed by at least one major hatchery, where the bag water and tank water is dosed with NovAqua and AmQuel, and the fish are "dumped" into the tanks immediately. The reasoning behind the method is to reduce the ammonia immediately, hence improve the fishes chance for survival. The article on the web goes into a more detail explanation than I can give here. The URL is http://petsforum.com/aquascience/SQRT&DMP.HTML Bill Vannerson http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/william_vannerson ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!