In a message dated 99-01-15 02:15:13 EST, you write: << Some fish, like Diicrossus filamentosus have adjusted to water so soft that they will only spawn at hardness levels of less than 10ppm. >> I have kept & bred D. filamentosus & maculatus in Milwaukee tap water, DH & KH of 10, pH of 7.6 out of the tap. I also had T. candidi spawn in a bare 10 in tap water, also Satanoperca daemon in tap water, discus, innumerable Apisto's, and west africans. I did not get fry from the Dicrossus or candidi or the daemon untill I softened the water a little. I run about 80ppm tap and R-O mix in my soft tanks. I always feel that feeding and regular water changes are the best influences on spawning behavior. I didn't bother with water chemistry untill I tried to spawn S. daemon whose eggs wouldn't hatch in tap water, so I broke down and bought an R-O unit. I still keep most "soft water" fish in tap water & have yet to find a fish I really worked who would not spawn in it. When the eggs refuse to hatch is when I start adjusting since I'm lazy and you have to keep a close watch on water parameters when you remove the buffering capacity. I am a chemist by profession & manage a lab so I don't want to be a chemist at home. Tom Wojtech ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!