To David Younkerr I can only say--- Wow. And I thought the plants list folks were heavily into the the chemical fine points. A very thourough explanation. Can I safely boil it down to <Knock off the complicated chemical balancing act and Simplify. Then Simplify, and at the end, Simplify some more.>? After all, it's supposed to be fun. If you have to worry so much about all these buffers and additives, you will spend too much time on tank maintenance, too much money on tank maintenance, and too much energy on tank maintenance. Use the DI, and maybe something simple like peat or pHDown to get where you're going. Accept that the fish have a range they will be happy in. Give yourself some space to breathe. And you will have more money to expand your fish room, more time to expand your fish room and more energy to expand your fishroom. Keep smilin' Bob Dixon Bob Dixon ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!