(Of course, as I write, more mail comes through... gotta love those instant response lists) > With high KH you can have a higher CO2 level and stay > within a given pH range Not just "can", *MUST*. I think that's where the Red Sea info is leading folks astray. It makes it look like "la de da, by increasing KH you can add more CO2 if you want..." and it should say "by increasing KH, you're going to get a higher pH unless you add more CO2 to offset this." I always like to go back to the chart George did 10+ years back: http://www.thekrib.com/Plants/CO2/kh-ph-co2-chart.html This is a much better representation of what's actually happening than the ones usually included in, say, _The Optimum Aquarium_ (or the one reproduced as a table about halfway down the HTML page above) which make it look like CO2 is the dependant variable. You can clearly see in either of these charts that if you want a given pH, you have to increase (or decrease) BOTH CO2 and KH in proportion. OK, so the other question, can plants do OK in harder or softer water: I know that at the soft end of the scale, eventually they can't get the micronutrients (calcium, magnesium) supplied. I have had this happen once, and it wasn't pretty. I wish I'd gotten pictures of it -- all-white leaves. At the other end, I dunno. I would absolutely *love* to know the answer to this too, because it would mean that one could keep, say, Lake Tanganyika cichlids in a beautiful planted tank (I read in Kasselmann there's about 5 species of plants there). But I never want to risk using the high light and CO2 on a tanganyika tank. Hmm, maybe time to start now. - Erik -- Erik Olson erik at thekrib dot com ------------------ To unsubscribe from this list, please send mail to majordomo@thekrib.com with "Unsubscribe aga-member" in the body of the message. Archives of this list can be found at http://lists.thekrib.com/aga-member/