<< The water is now soft but it is still high in disolved solids so far as I know. Could someone explain the exchange process used in water softening systems and tell me if this water will work for Apistos and other South Americans or do I need to go to RO water? >> Ion exchange resins have a sodium-containing salt that readily gives off the sodium and binds calcium, magnesium, and other heavier metals, in an "exchange" process. While the water tests soft for GH and KH, and acts "soft" in the presence of sudzy things like soap, it may not be suitable for some soft water fish. Most of them will do quite well in it, but some are sensitive to saltiness, and may not like this water much. Years ago, I heard of a DI unit that had a second stage, which electrically removed the sodium compounds, giving a water quality as good as or better than RO, but I am not sure they are still available. Bob Dixon