Regarding the pandurini description and photos, I found that the non-breeding males would show the caudal triangle much more clearly than the adult spawners (essentially constant pH throughout the period, though I have not checked for pH correlations). Once my male started breeding, the triangle would only be faint at best. However, the blue cast to the caudal was nearly always identifiable. Yes, as with many apistos, these guys change color quite a bit with mood, time of day, etc. Many of the subadult/young adult males show a distinct body spot (which unlike the females is smallish, round and in the same general place). I don't recall seeing this spot on male Nijsseni, or if it is there, it is much less frequently seen. Does anyone else consider the spot a species identifier here? I've been trying to determine how to describe other differences that exist. I am certain I could separate male pandurinis from male nijsseni in a mixed tank with good accuracy, but I can't tell you exactly what attributes would be the indicators. Kind of like telling the difference between Coke and Pepsi. I'll take that challenge any day with a good chunk of cash at stake, but I could'nt explain the difference to you in words. In my experience, the fish are similar looking, though clearly distinct. Tom