>> I don't remember having seen, read or heard anything about structured flocks/schools, beyond a community temporarily feeding together. << The term "Flock" has a different definition when discussing African Lake cichlids. Here's a quote from _The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi, Africa_ web site (http://connix.com/~mko/mw01002.htm). "A species flock is a group of closely related species all living in the same ecosystem. As Greenwood (1974: 19) emphasized, "The term 'species flock' . . . should, strictly speaking, be applied to a species assemblage of monophyletic origin." The clear implication, then, is that a species flock evolved within the ecosystem from a single ancestral species by repeated speciation events. Thus, for an assemblage to merit the term "species flock," theoretically it should be possible to point to one or more synapomorphies (shared specialized characters) in all members of the assemblage, characters lacking in relatives outside the flock. " So in this sense, there may be flocks of apistos. This kind of ties into the thread earlier regarding whether or not population codes should be adopted or not as well as the discussion on possible research opportunities to identify the genetic relatedness between Apisto species. According to this quote, and I can't vouch for it's accuracy in the science community, a DNA analysis is required to determine flocks, not just physical attributes. Several months ago I made reference to a presentation Tomas Hrbek made at my killie club meeting were he re-categorized the Rivulus genus based on his mitochondrial DNA analysis. The six or seven "groups" he identified resulting from his study could then be defined as "flocks." Bill Vannerson http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/william_vannerson ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!