>>Domestic water softeners are a no-no as they add sodium ions, ...<< As with many issues, there's always two sides to a story. I use tap water that's processed by a domestic water softener. However, I am not an active breeder. But I have had spontaneous spawns under these conditions. First my angels (Pterophyllum scalare), then Kribs (Pelvicachromis pulcher) and now my Lemon Yellow Labs (Labidochromis caeruleus). The Yellow Labs were in a crowded 30-gallon tank with a bit piece of bog wood and my tap water. I didn't even know there was a spawn until I ysyphoned the water out when I broke the tank down. As I was scooping the gravel out, I noticed one little fry in a small puddle in the depression. I wonder how many I syphoned down the drain? Granted, these are not ideal conditions or the situation one would want to create to breed more sensitive fish. But they are the conditions in which I live and have time for these days. But my point is that there are not always hard and fast rules or only one way to do things. Although I will add that there's always one source of water that's universally accepted as a source of good soft water for breeding or raising sensitive fish... rain. :-) I'm not trying to contradict what's already been contributed. Just pointing out that there are often other ways or methods that can work. My 2 cents worth. Bill Vannerson http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/william_vannerson ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!