Mike Jacobs writes: >My A. cacatoidies (watch my spelling all the time....unintentional I assure you) >were spawning very successfully at a pH of oh about 7.7-7.8 and the the sex ratio >was 98% males Uwe Romer and Wolfgang Beisenherz studied the effect of temperature and pH on 33 species of Apisto fry and found that during the first month of development low temperatures (below 76 F -- the "cool" test tanks were 74 degrees) produced more females. Low pH (5.5 and below) produced more males, but had less influence. Since Mike lives in Florida, his high percentage of male fry probably has more to do with heat than pH. My water parameters slightly acid -- typically 6.8 -- and about 78 degrees and my sense is that my fish produce generally even sex ratios, though I often sell or trade fry before they are sexable. - --------------------------------------------------------- If wishes were fishes we'd all have ponds Pete Johnson / San Jose, CA / petej@wordsanddeeds.com - ---------------------------------------------------------