>>I am saying that if in your community so many fish are raised with parents that a buyer assumes they are and you do not disabuse him of this notion, you might get in trouble.<< I'm not sure a agree with this statement. First of all, in the case with Angels, which was given as an example, my natural inclination would be to assume that the eggs where artificially incubated as that is the most common practice. Secondly, if you are acquiring fish from a breeder or hobbyist, it's always wise to discuss their techniques and conditions. It's almost natural. Thirdly, I'm not convinced that a species evolutionary behavior can be genetically fixed in a few short generations. Meaning that if I remove eggs from parents and raise the fry that they will then "pass down" a genetic disposition to not display parental behavior. It is possible, but I'm not sure I totally agree, that parenting is a learned behavior. I would agree with this in higher level organisms but I have doubts with fish. To believe so would to assume a level of cognition that I'm not sure fish are capable of. It does seem more plausible that the innate instinct to eat eggs and/or fry can be more attributed to our lack of ability to provide suitable conditions for breeding and rearing. Our tanks are woefully small and threatening environments. I would hazard a guess that if you were to place non-parental rams in a suitable pond over the summer, you would have a bunch of offspring come fall. I am not a scientist so I can't assert my claims as being true. And I am willing to consider proof to the contrary, or even consider opinions for other knowledgeable non-scientists. Bill Vannerson http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/william_vannerson ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@majordomo.pobox.com. For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help, email apisto-request@majordomo.pobox.com. Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!